Asian Philosophies of Critical Thinking Essay Example For Students

Asian Philosophies of Critical Thinking Essay EXTENDED ESSAYAsian Philosophies of Critical Thinking: divergent or convergent to westernestablishments?MAY 2003 AbstractThe research question of this extended essay came across at a very earlystage in my life. Having been born and developed from a family with all itsmembers being University instructors and professors, I was often involvedin arguments related to the lack of critical thinking in Asian cultures. AsI got older, having had the chance to emerge in different cultures, Istarted to develop my own viewpoints and answers. I started to wonder aboutthe truth between the real differences of Asian and Western philosophies ofcritical thinking. This extended essay, intended to be a research andinvestigation, bearing the title Asian Philosophies of Critical Thinking:divergent or convergent to Western establishments? is in fact howevermerely just a summary of my viewpoints and answers which I have developedthroughout the years. In the first section of the essay, Logical Tradition in India and China Iwill attempt to give evidence of critical thinking in two Asian culturesthat I have chosen; namely India and China. In India, I will argue thatcritical thinking is clearly visible in historical texts such as the Carakaand Nyayasutra. This is presented as the well-known five-membered argument,a system of logical deduction, similar to the Aristotelian syllogism foundin the west. In China I would focus mainly on the two schools of logicalthought, the Mohists and the Logicians. For the Mohists I would argue thatcritical thinking is a vital element in the building of what they callmental models. For the Logicians, I would study deeply the writings ofHui Shih and Kungsun Lung, I would show that in fact both of them developedsystems of logical and paradoxical thinking that could well serve as thefoundations of modern science. If critical thinking is clearly presentable in these Asian cultures thenwhy are there still concerns for introducing it to them? This is thequestion I intend to answer in the latter section Needhams Grand Questionand Fullers Interpretation. During this section, I would also show thatdiscussions of modern science seem to enable us to see how the tradition ofcritical thinking arose and how they were promoted or discouraged. I wouldcover how Asian historical, economic, social and cultural factors have abig influence on their development of critical thinking. Lastly I wouldshow how the prioritization of a civilization has a devastating effect ondeciding the future road they intend to walk. In conclusion, I would argue that since the philosophy of a culture is butan abstract and theoretical expression and justification of the culturesdecision to choose one set of priorities over another, Asian philosophy andcritical thinking are neither necessarily divergentnornecessarilyconvergent to western establishments. Contents|Introduction|4|||||Logical Tradition in India and|4||China||||||Needhams Grand Question and|7||Fullers Interpretation||||||Asian Philosophy and Critical|8||Thinking: Divergence or|||Convergence?||||||Conclusion|9|||||Bibliography|10 |||||References|11 ||||Asian Philosophies of Critical Thinking: divergent or convergent to westernestablishments?By Clement NgIntroductionIt is widely recognized nowadays that critical thinking has become anecessary ingredient in all levels of education. Educators and educationalpolicy makers agree that one of the desirable goals of education is thatstudents are able to think critically. Throughout the past few years, manyhave felt the need to consider critical thinking more seriously ineducational programs. At the moment several different acts are beingconsidered around the world by various factors and agencies. The core ofthese proposed acts is the idea that the students are able to thinkcritically and independently. Although there are widespr ead disagreementson what critical thinking actually is,1 there is an agreement that it hasbecome very important in the world overwhelmed by huge amountsofinformation. Some Western educators who teach at schools or universities in a number ofAsian countries have voiced their difficulties and problems they encounterwhile trying to teach critical thinking and other related skills to Asianstudents. Bruce Davidson (1998) argues that a set of Japanese culturalfactors act as a kind of barrier against teaching critical thinking tostudents. Atkinson (1999) goes so far as to argue that critical thinking isculturally specific, and is a part of the social practices of the Westhaving no place within Asian cultures, which do not adopt such practices. What these educators have in common is the feeling that some elements inAsian cultures do prevent the full realization of critical thinking skillsin the students. Most of these elements perceived by Western educators inAsia are quite well knownthe beliefs that teachers are superior andalways right, that knowledge is not to be made here and now, but existseternally, so to speak, to be handed down by teachers, that social harmonyis to be preferred rather than asking probing questionsto mention just afew. Is critical thinking really culture specific? Can the traditional beliefsystems of Asia respond to the challenge of the modern world while stillretaining their distinctive identities? Are Asian philosophy and criticalthinking necessary divergent or possibly convergent? These areverysignificant question not just for Asian cultures, but for understanding howcultures of the world respond to globalization. In addition the questionalso has a bearing on the problematic relation between critical thinkingand the cultural environment in which it happens to be embedded. In this essay, I attempt to argue that critical thinking is not necessarilyincompatible with Asian traditional belief systems. In fact I will showthat both India and China do have their own indigenous traditions oflogical and argumentative thinking; it is just because of certain barriersthat prevent them from further developing such establishments. I willfurther try to show that these traditions can and should be reexamined,reinterpreted and adapted to the contemporary situation. By doing this Iwould seek acknowledgement to the essay question and would provide ananswer to the Western educators who have found no such critical traditionsin the East. Logical Tradition in India and ChinaIt is widely known that India had a highly advanced logical tradition,spanning more than two thousandyears.ThesuccessesofIndianmathematicians and computer programmers are perhaps due to the fact thatlogic and critical thinking have been integral to the Indian way ofthinking since time immemorial. Such integration can also be witnessed inthe fondness of Indians for talking and debating. Tscherbatsky (1962: 31-34) tells us that in the times of Dignaga and Dharmakirti, two of thegreatest Buddhist logicians, the fate of entire monasteries depended onpublic debates. According to Tscherbatsky, Dignaga won his fame and royalsupport through his defeat of the brahmin Sudurjaya at Nalanda Monastery(31-34). In another vein, Matilal (1990: 1-8) argues that the Indian logicaltradition is entirely home grown, since there is no evidence of India beinginfluenced by Aristotelian ideas. Matilal also shows that many topics,which are of interest by contemporary logicians and philosophers today,were discussed and researched into with sophistication by Indian scholars. Such topics include theory of inference, empty names, reference andexistence, perception, knowledge of theexternalworld,substance,causality, and many others (Matilal 1990). Moreover, Tscherbatskys (1962)work, dealing mainly with the works of Dignaga and Dharmakirti illustratesthat India is one of the great logical and philosophical civilizations ofthe world. There are a number of topics that both traditions discovered independentlyof each other. For example, Matilal notes that the counterpart of theAristotelian syllogism is the five-membered argument found in such textsas Caraka and Nyayasutra. Instead of the three propositions found inAristotelian syllogism, the five-membered argument consistsoffivepropositions, the first of which is the conclusion, and the last repeatingwhat is already stated in the first. The remaining three propositions inbetween are the premises. Here is one example of the five-membered argumentcited by Matilal (1990: 5):1. There is fire on this mountain. 2. For, there is smoke there. 3. Smoke goes with fire always (or, in all cases, or in all places):witness, kitchen. 4. This is also a case of smoke. 5. Therefore, there is fire there (on the mountain). Logicians will immediately be able to reconstruct this argument in thefamiliar Aristotelian form as follows:The place on the mountain is a place where there is smoke. A place where there is smoke is a place where there is fire. Therefore, the place on the mountain is a place where there is fire. Matilal, however, notes that there is at least some dissimilarity betweenthe Indian and the Aristotelian argument forms presented here.Forinstance, he says that the conclusion of the Indian argument form is in theform of singular proposition, (i.e., modified by demonstratives likethis or that) whereas that of the Aristotelian syllogism is eitheruniversal or particular (i.e., modified by quantifiers like all orsome). But the dissimilarity here could be amended, as indexicals (termslike this or that which relies on the context of utterance for theirfull meaning) could be dispensed with by supplying the required informationon the context in which they are uttered. Thus it could be safely statedthat the Indian logical tradition fully comprehended the essence, so tospeak, of logic, which is the concept of validity and the basic validargument form. Another of the worlds great civilizations, China, also had its ownindigenous and independent logical tradition. Two of Chinas logicalschools of thought are the Mohists and the Logicians. The former wasfounded by Mo Ti, who lived between 479 to 381 B.C., during the WarringStates period of Chinese history (Ronan 1978: 114). Among the typicalChinese scholars the Mohists are better known for their doctrine ofuniversal love and the condemnation of offensive war rather than theirinterests and achievements in the physical sciences. In the latter Needhamreports that the Mohists went very far towards realizing that the thoughtsystem was in fact a prerequisite for modern science. Most significantly,the Mohists appeared to be in grasp of the concepts of deduction andinduction. They viewed the former as a way of thinking which follows amental model, which guarantees that whoever follows it will never fail tobe right in their thinking. Here is an example of reasoning based onfollowing such mental model:Model thinking consists in following the methods of Nature. What are followed in model-thinking are the methods. Therefore if the methods are truly followed by the model-thinkingliterally: hit in the middle, the reasoning will be correct. But if the methods are not truly followed by the model-thinking, thereasoning will be wrong (Ronan 1978: 119). On the other hand, the Mohists also recognized the value of extensionwhich is a kind of reasoning from the known examples and extend it tounknown cases similar to them:Extension is considering that that which one has not yet receivedi.e. a new phenomenon is identical from the point of view ofclassification with those which one has already received, andadmitting it (Ronan 1978: 119). Use of Marijuana As Medicine Essay Bruce Davidson (1998) argues that a set of Japanese cultural factors act as a kind of barrier against teaching critical thinking to students. Atkinson (1999) goes so far as to argue that critical thinking is culturally specific, and is a part of the social practices of the West having no place within Asian cultures, which do not adopt such practices. What .

Customer Behaviour On Ally Fashion Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Customer Behaviour On Ally Fashion. Answer: Introduction Company Ally fashion is a retail company in Australia that stead fasts the growing trend of fashion in women in Australia. The company was launched in Sydney in 2001 as a wholesale company. The first store of the company was set up in Macarthur Square in Sydney. It is a privately owned business association that serves the latest clothing in about 135 locations all over the country (Allyfashion.com, 2018). Product or location Ally fashion sets up fashion trends for women by providing with a different type of products. The products that are generally provided by Ally fashion include dresses, tops, basics and skirts. At the same time, apart from the wearable items, the company provides accessories that include denim, outwear and accessories. As stated, Ally fashion has over 135 stores located in various parts of Australia. It also has online stores that are useful in the modern world for the shopping and purchasing items. The area in which the company is located includes Darwin, Queensland, New South Wales, Australian Capital Territory, Victoria, South Australia, Tasmania and Western Australia. Recently in December 2016, Ally fashion launched a re-opening of a store at North Rockhampton centre (Allyfashion.com, 2018). Consumer The consumers of Ally fashion ranges from a wide variety of people starting mostly that love fashions. The company provides dresses for women and as a result, it becomes important that the company target women that are interested in fashions. Thereby the target customers of the company are the fashionable women that are in their teens or twenties. The social class is not segmented into the customers targets women from all social backgrounds. This can help the company to reach a wide of customers based on the specifications of the target market and gain profit in the business (Allyfashion.com, 2018). Influence of culture Cultural factors According to Hill and Alexander (2017), cultural factors are a set of beliefs and values that help in regulating the behaviour of the customers and the members of a society. It comprises of the ideologies and a set of values that are common in a particular community or within a group of individuals. Orel and Kara (2014) were of the opinion that the culture of a particular group decides on the manner in which a particular individual behaves. The values of individuals that are taught to them as a child are implied practically in various aspects of life. Culture is important in the lives of people as individuals grow up keeping in mind the culture that has been taught to them, However, Kim, Vogt and Knutson (2015) stated that at times the culture of people changes due to the certain factors that affect a society. In this regard, it can be said that culture also plays a significant role in the influencing the buying behaviour of customers. This is mainly because the habits and beliefs of individuals along with their principle form the basis for deciding upon the purchase of a product or availing a particular service. Influence of culture on customer behaviour According to Bilgihan (2016), the buying behaviour of customers varies according to the tastes and preferences of the customers based on the culture in which they have been brought up. In the case of making purchases, it is necessary that the customers embrace their cultural background and hope to remain true to the cultural factors that affect their business. The cultural differentiation can be done based on various sub-cultures and as stated by Blut et al. (2014), the sub-cultures play a crucial role in dictating the choice of customers. For example, the sub-cultures of a customer can be based on the fondness of a particular product or in the trend that exists in the purchase and sale of products. In this regard, a model related to the cultural influence on customer behaviour can be analysed. From the model, it can be seen that personality traits and subjective culture play an important role in developing the cognitive beliefs, practises and values. These are interlinked with one another and the development of attitudes and social norms along with the behavioural intention contributes to the behaviour of the customers. Thus, the cultural factors of behaviour are born out of the expectations of the society and the manner in which people are brought up. Influence of culture on purchasing products from Ally fashion As seen from the discussion, cultural background of an individual plays an important role in the decision-making process of a customer. The customers need to analyse the products sold and consequently decide if it matches with the culture in which they have been brought up. As such, in the case of Ally fashion, the company targets women that are in their teens or in their twenties. The advantage of targeting women of this age is that they are prone to form sub-cultures that clash with the existing cultural norms of the society (Horner Swarbrooke, 2016). Thus, it can be said that Ally Fashion can promote the products so that it can create subcultures in a society. The products are directed in meeting the requirement of fashion that exists in the Australian market and the fashion that the women of the country favour. At the same time, it is necessary to understand that Australia is a country that consists of immigrants from different other countries. Hence, the products of Ally fashion may not be a success with people belonging to cultural backgrounds that are more conservative. Apart from the culture, the social class of the society also have an influence. Social class Social factors Cohen, Prayag and Moital (2014) are of the opinion that the environment in which organisations conducts business influences the behaviour of the customers. Among the influential factors, social class is a factor that defines the socio-economic status of the society. The type of life people lead and the manner in which people conduct themselves in the society determine the social class of the people. The sharing of similar values and interests are the ones that develop the common factors in a society and bind the people together. However, the difference exists in terms of factors that are related to income, profession and quality of the neighbourhood. Among this, the income plays an important role in determining the social class of the people. Joshi and Rahman (2015) are of the opinion that without proper income, the purchasing power of the customers diminishes. The simplest method of categorising the social class of the people is by identifying three classes that exist in the society into the upper class, middle class and the lower class. These classes are mainly categorised by keeping in mind the income that is made by the people. As such the social class plays an important role in ensuring that, the customer behaviour continues to be analysed by applying various contexts of similarities and dissimilarities between the people. Influence of social class on customer behaviour Peek et al. (2014) stated that social class plays an important role in the development of customer behaviour in the society by analysing the manner in which they react once a new product is launched in the market. It has already been seen that the social class can be divided into three main classes based on the income level of the people. In this regard, it can be said that social class can sometimes be influenced by the people that exist in the society. This is because the people compete with one another in the society and ensures that they have the best product or service than the others. Usually, the higher income group of people triumph over the lower income people (East et al., 2016). However, this is considered as the least concern for the organisations, as they focus on gaining more profit from the sale of goods and services. At the same time, it is to be noted that people belonging to similar brackets does not behave in a similar manner. Erkan and Evans (2016) were of the opinion that among the high class some people does not make investments in products that are not required to them. Rather they save the available income for a future purpose. Thus, it can be said that the social class can be inconsistent in providing information about the behaviours of the customers. For example, necessities need to be purchased by either class of people, however; only the rich people purchase the luxurious goods. This provides the differences between understanding the social class and the manner in which it can influence customers. Influence of social class on purchasing products from Ally fashion After the analysis of the social class of the people it can be said that despite its inconsistent in the analysis, Ally fashion has managed to ensure that every social class of people are identified and targeted so that the revenue of the organisation increases. The social class of the people provide an idea about the manner in which the Ally fashion can set its prices. The purchasing power of the customers based on the buying products from Ally fashion commences to the luxurious purchase. According to Solomon et al. (2014), most people may consider fashionable items from branded stores to be luxurious. Such a perception, however, is different for the people belonging to the upper class of the society. It has been seen that in the western countries like the USA and countries in Europe, the division of social class does not exist. However, in Australia, the existence of the social culture conscience is more than those countries due to the number of migrants that are accepted by the country. Even so, among the native people of Australia, the existence of social class exists (Foxall, 2014). The difference is that the lower class of people are considered as the aboriginal manly because of the lifestyle that they lead. Thus, the social class of the people does not have a great deal of negative effect on the business of Ally fashion. Recommendation Thus, from the analysis of the cultural and social class factors in general and the impact it has on the business of Ally fashion, it can be said that the organisation need to keep in mind certain strategies to address the factors. Hence, certain recommendations need to be made based on the factors that influence the behaviour of the customers. In this regard, the recommendation can be done by analysing the marketing mix elements of Ally fashion. The common phenomenon of the social and cultural aspect that inspires behaviour is the price of the products. The price is an important phenomenon as it dictates the purchasing power of the social class and the cultural aspects. In the case of Ally fashion, the company targets people of all class. Hence, it is important that the company reduces the price of the products and promote it so that the middle class can know about the improvement of the prices in the organisation. At the same time, the physical evidence is also an important factor, as the quality of the products needs to be verified. With stores all around Australia, qualitymanagement can be an issue for the managers of Ally fashion. Hence, despite sticking with the trend of online purchase, it is necessary that Ally fashion renovate its physical stores as well. Conclusion Thus, it can be concluded that among factors that contribute to the decision to purchase products for the customers, the social class and culture play important roles. This is mainly because these two factors originate from the internal teaching of the people from an early age. In the case of Ally fashion, the two factors do not have a huge negative impact on the business of the company as in Australia such factors are hardly existent. Hence, the minor advantage provided by the factors help Ally fashion to continue with the existing business. References Allyfashion.com. (2018).Ally Fashion. Retrieved 2 April 2018, from https://www.allyfashion.com/shop/ Bilgihan, A. (2016). Gen Y customer loyalty in online shopping: An integrated model of trust, user experience and branding.Computers in Human Behavior,61, 103-113. Blut, M., Beatty, S. E., Evanschitzky, H., Brock, C. (2014). The impact of service characteristics on the switching costscustomer loyalty link.Journal of Retailing,90(2), 275-290. Cohen, S. A., Prayag, G., Moital, M. (2014). Consumer behaviour in retails: Concepts, influences and opportunities.Current Issues in Tourism,17(10), 872-909. East, R., Singh, J., Wright, M., Vanhuele, M. (2016).Consumer behaviour: Applications in marketing. Sage. Erkan, I., Evans, C. (2016). The influence of eWOM in social media on consumers purchase intentions: An extended approach to information adoption.Computers in Human Behavior,61, 47-55. Foxall, G. (2014).Consumer Behaviour (RLE Consumer Behaviour): A Practical Guide. Routledge. Gifford, R., Nilsson, A. (2014). Personal and social factors that influence pro?environmental concern and behaviour: A review.International Journal of Psychology,49(3), 141-157. Hill, N., Alexander, J. (2017).The handbook of customer satisfaction and loyalty measurement. Routledge. Horner, S., Swarbrooke, J. (2016).Consumer behaviour in retails. Routledge. Joshi, Y., Rahman, Z. (2015). Factors affecting green purchase behaviour and future research directions.International Strategic Management Review,3(1-2), 128-143. Kim, M., Vogt, C. A., Knutson, B. J. (2015). Relationships among customer satisfaction, delight, and loyalty in the hospitality industry.Journal of Hospitality Tourism Research,39(2), 170-197. Orel, F. D., Kara, A. (2014). Supermarket self-checkout service quality, customer satisfaction, and loyalty: Empirical evidence from an emerging market.Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services,21(2), 118-129. Peek, S. T., Wouters, E. J., van Hoof, J., Luijkx, K. G., Boeije, H. R., Vrijhoef, H. J. (2014). Factors influencing acceptance of technology for aging in place: a systematic review.International journal of medical informatics,83(4), 235-248. Ross, P. (2014). Factors influencing consumer behaviour.International journal of current research and academic review,2(9), 52-61. Solomon, M. R., Dahl, D. W., White, K., Zaichkowsky, J. L., Polegato, R. (2014).Consumer behavior: Buying, having, and being(Vol. 10). Pearson.

What Microscope Would You Use to Examine Unstained Urine Samples For The Future?

What Microscope Would You Use to Examine Unstained Urine Samples For The Future?The essay 'What Microscope Would You Use to Examine Unstained Urine Samples for The Future?' by Kristina Dobson was published in 'Receptuals' in 2020. The essay is an insightful commentary on society's habits and demands of scientific research.Dobson observes that when scientists wanted to gain a larger body of knowledge about a chemical compound, they usually first needed to use a microscope. Dobson uses this example to call attention to the power of microscopes and how it can help a person to gain a better understanding of science. Dobson also calls attention to the difficulties encountered when trying to understand the properties of something that has only been tested using a microscope. She illustrates her point with a story about one of her husband's friends.He had been dating a friend's sister who loved to cook. After a while, the friend's brother became convinced that he could easily find out every thing that the friend was afraid to know about a certain product. In his quest to find out what was in some of the mystery food products, he used a microscope and found out that some of the things in those foods were very dangerous.The story concludes with Dobson writing, 'The answer is never in his microscope, of course. Perhaps, the answer is simply that he never stopped to think that he really didn't want to know.'The essay is also reminiscent of a chapter titled 'An Elicited Conversation' from 'Etymology: An Introduction' by Reuben Palmer. Palmer writes about another writer who had an epiphany when she saw a butterfly in a photographic plate.Here's a hint, if the word 'epiphany' has no ending letter in the word 'episteme', the author is almost certainly a famous poet or playwright. Dobson discusses an experience she had with a clairvoyant while she was playing tennis. 'My eye was on the ball while my intuition was busy peering through the ground in front of me to the people who were playing tennis,' she writes.She explains that she and her friend had practiced several times a day but nothing had ever clicked. She says that when she tried to focus on the ball, she saw the moment when she met her clairvoyant guide in person.We are all exposed to so much unexplained and unverifiable information every day, I suspect we've all experienced some kind of epiphany. Perhaps you will have one soon.

Beyond Blogging

BEYOND BLOGGING: MAKING YOUR COPY STAND OUT So, we all know that a blog is essential to any well-rounded marketing strategy: A good blog helps you connect with your customers and lets them see you as more than just a faceless company or organization. It builds content and credibility for your web site, and it allows you to share industry news and connect with others in your industry. Problem is, everyone has a blog nowadays, from marketing gurus to Fortune 500 CEOs. Some are fantastic – interesting, with no-fluff content and good information. Some are mediocre at best. But, regardless of quality, they’re everywhere. Do a search for â€Å"copywriting blog† for instance, and you’ll get thousands of results. Ditto for â€Å"marketing blog, â€Å"advertising blog† – you name it. A blog in itself is no longer a big differentiator. Now, don’t get me wrong: I’m not saying that you should give up on blogging. But, if you really want to stand out, try some of these strategies: †¢ Get on Social Media. Social media  sites let you connect easily with potential customers and business partners. Create a profile for your business and start reaching out to people in your industry – be sure to include a link to your company web site and share your blog posts. It’s a great way to build connections in a casual setting. Even better: Start a group or forum and invite people to join you for a discussion about the latest industry news. †¢ Be Interactive. Why simply dump information on your readers when you can invite them to join the conversation? If you’ve got a blog, invite comments and make sure you respond to the readers who take the time to leave them. Have contests and invite your readers to get their creative juices flowing, whether it’s coming up with a name for a product or writing a catchy tagline. The more fun and interactive your blog is, the more likely it is to develop a following of regular readers. †¢ Leave Comments. If you’re like me, you probably have a handful of blogs that you read regularly. Next time you read something you really like, why not leave a comment? A good blog isn’t a one-way street. But remember: No sales talk. Keep comments insightful and don’t use them simply as a chance to toot your own horn. †¢ Write a Whitepaper. A whitepaper is a great way to connect with potential business partners and establish yourself as an industry expert. They’re meatier than a simple blog entry and require a lot more work, but the payoff for an interesting, well-written whitepaper is worth all the effort. †¢ Blog often. Sure, you’re busy. Projects, meetings, phone conferences, and the day-to-day business of running a business can leave you strapped for time. It’s easy to let your blog fall by the wayside in favor of more urgent deadlines. But, your blog doesn’t do you any good if you’re only posting once every six months. Set aside some blogging time at least once a week to keep your content fresh and give readers a reason to come back. Got any tips for making your blog stand out? I’d love to hear them.

The Rise of Canadian Business essay

The Rise of Canadian Business essay The Rise of Canadian Business essay The Rise of Canadian Business essayThe book The Rise of Canadian Business by G.D. Taylor focuses on the historical development of business and Canadian economy in the post-confederate era. At the same time, the author offers a broad overview of the economic development paying a particular attention to the development of Canadian economy in the mid-20th century and present. Throughout the book the author develops the idea that Canada relied heavily on export of resources that laid the foundation to the current economic power of Canada, while open market economy allows Canada and Canadian companies to keep progressing, evolve and adapt to changing business environment from the time of business consolidation and increasing role of state to the present era of the economic globalization.In fact, the book has three major themes that the author conveys clearly and divides into three chronological periods. These themes are the evolving patterns of business organization, the distinctive featu res of Canadian business, and its international setting. The author describes the evolution and development of Canadian economy throughout the 20th century mainly. Taylor shows that the consolidation of business made it so influential that the government regulation and interference into the economic development became essential. This interference was essential to stand for interests of the majority of people in Canada rather than for interests of a few large corporations. At the same time, along with economic changes, the author points out that the development of business and business consolidation threatened to the environment and future of Canada because business consolidation was accompanied by the intensive use of natural resources, extraction of minerals, and deterioration of the environmental situation because businesses exploited rich natural resources of Canada without any control from the part of the state. In this regard, Taylor views natural resources of Canada as the maj or asset of Canada that contributed to its economic growth.The same idea of the primary role of natural resources as the primary driver of the economic growth of Canada could be traced in other parts of the book dedicated to the increasing involvement of state into the economic regulation and development and the present era of globalization. In such a way, Taylor backs up his thesis and attempts to show that natural resources comprise the major asset of Canada and lays the foundation for the further economic growth throughout its economic history in the 20th as well as the 21st century. This idea is very important for the entire book and is one of the main messages conveyed by the author. At the same time, the author develops the concept of the state regulation as an essential condition for the balanced exploitation of natural resources by businesses. Even today, when the globalization has brought considerable changes to the economic development of Canada, Taylor still views natural resources as an important asset that can keep Canadian economy growing.However, the author underestimates services sector and its contribution to the economic development of Canada, especially now. For example, the author mentions that two largest insurance companies are ranked among top ten insurance companies of the world, but still Taylor does not develop this   idea further to show the increased role of services, which may become as significant driver of the economic growth of Canada as natural resources do.Thus, the book depicts the economic development and gives the comprehensive analysis of the evolution of Canadian business from business consolidation to globalization, but the author seems to be too concerned with natural resources as the major source of the economic growth of Canada and underestimates the potential of services in the global competitive environment.

Athletic Director at State University Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Athletic Director at State University - Essay Example tate University have devised their funding strategy from a different point of view, where they openly disclose their needs and costs to their supporters. Few weeks ago, the men’s track and the field coach released their budget through their athlete website detailing the items needs and the program attached (Humphrey, & Humphrey, 112). Furthermore, the team ensured that the individual needs were accompanied by their related costs; this gave supporters an overview of the expectations of the team. The Michigan State University track and field schedule prove goal oriented and transparent. This strategy proves an asset to many schools when creating awareness for their needs. Another crucial consideration is that the funds raised must attend to the needs specified if the team wants to gain the trusted the donors (Humphrey, & Humphrey, 146). A successful athletic department ensures that the donor will always yearn to help the team achieve higher levels of success. The period 1800/ 1900 marked a momentous date in the calendars’ of college heads, law makers, alumnae, faculty, athletic directors, as the intercollegiate athletics along the institutions of higher learning was signed; they were well aware of the relationship between the success of their athletic schedules through the cooperation of donors. The reasons as to why vast individuals assume the positive influence attached to college sports and donors comes from the fact that; a well performing team serves as a source of revenue to colleges and universities in question. College sports are normally termed as a million dollar industry; prompted by their exposure to the public (Humphrey, & Humphrey, 156). The Michigan State University involves its activities in the media through; print media, the Internet, and through the television. There appears a belief that; successful college sports are a ticket to accessing more revenue for colleges and universities involved. As the director of the Central Michigan

Student will be required to go to zoo observe two types of non human Research Paper

Student will be required to go to zoo observe two types of non human primates and write two pages on each primate observed - Research Paper Example His movement on the ground is fast and fluid, and he leaps along, using hands and feet, and somersaulting as he goes. He looks left and right all the time, as if to scan for predators, and as soon as he reaches a tree trunk he swings up in an arm over arm gesture. His movement from branch to branch is even faster than his ground movement, showing an adaptation to life in the forest canopy. On the ground slightly apart from the tree equipment there is an older female and a younger orang utan who are engaging in what looks like affectionate teasing. This is probably a mother and child, but the younger individual is not a baby. This may be an adolescent. The pair roll about on the grass, and hug each other from time to time as they do so. Communication appears to be by touch, since they do not have much eye contact, and their interaction is mostly silent. The bond between the two is obviously close. At one point the solitary younger male approaches the two and reaches out as if to touch them, but the two ignore him and he distances himself again from them. None of the orang utans take any notice of the human observers on the perimeter of the enclosure. High up on a shelf there is another adult individual sitting in a crouched position. The full face is hidden, and so it is not obvious whether this is a male or female. It is easy to overlook this one because there was little movement and no sound. The orang utan looked down on the pair playing on the grass, but appeared not to be interested in what was going on. It may be that this orang utan was depressed, or simply bored with the same routine. There were several spells when the young male positioned himself at the edge of the enclosure, looking out and turning his back to the other individuals. This appeared to be a deliberate statement of independence from the rest, as if he were imitating the senior sitting up on the high shelf. He did not sustain this pose for long, however, and soon resumed his hyper-active s winging, grasping the suspended toys, and running along the ground. The key activities viewed were therefore play (both solo and in a mother/child pair) and observation of each other and the surrounding area. There was plenty of independent activity, but only the mother and child had any real close interaction with each other. This suggests that orang utans are fairly solitary creatures outside the mother/child unit. There is evidence of group awareness but it appears not to be the main concern of the orang utans observed. The chimpanzee group is much more vocal and there is a lot of interaction between individuals, with groups forming and dissolving all the time. There is also a larger number present, with at least 12 individuals moving around in a steady walk on their hands and feet. From time to time there is some screeching from one or two individuals, and the rest appear to be uneasy when they hear this. The screeches are made with bared teeth and agitated movements. The other chimpanzees look at the screeching chimpanzee and then look away again, sometimes making lip movements and raising eyebrows. Some chimpanzeess get up and move out of the way when an agitated individual approaches them. Many individuals sit for a time on the grass, picking items up and looking at them which suggests a foraging instinct. They do not appear to be eating what they find. It is not always evident which are males and which are females, especially in the younger individuals. There is one